Similar to what some of the others have said, I take the stem off and dip a bristle pipe cleaner in some Golden Grain, Everclear or some rum. I clean the stem first and then use the same wet pipe cleaner in the shank. I like to repeat the process until the pipe cleaner stops getting discolored or close to it. Then I follow up with a regular pipe cleaner. Be careful not to let the alcohol that you are using run out on the outside of the bowl! It may damage the finish or remove wax from the finish. If necessary, carefully ream the bowl. If the pipe is particularly fouled, you may want to use the salt/alcohol technique: https://rebornpipes.com/2013/02/08/t...hol-treatment/.